PukkaPukka said:
Take, for example, if I were to - using my puppets - perform to a Fraggle soundtrack to show my expertise at syncing and expression, and were to do this to send to the Jim Henson Company in Los Angeles. This act would not be infringement, because it does not serve to benefit me monetarily, and only exists to exhibit to the JHC certain characteristics of my puppetry resumé...
Actually, that would be infringement because you would be altering a portion of a copyrighted work (adding your own puppetry to the soundtrack). There are a number of factors that get weighed in copyright law...not only is it intended to protect the author/owner's ability to profit from the work, it also protects the integrity of the work.
Basically, you can't go and alter a copyrighted work i.e. paint on a painting, re-edit a movie (like the infamous "Phantom Edit" of Star Wars: Episode I) or even hang X-mas wreaths on an artist's sculpture -
even if you bought it! (Canadian Artist Michael Snow sued the Eaton Centre in Toronto over something like this and won).
There are exceptions of course like parody (SNL does this with "Fun with Real Audio"), but what is and isn't parody can be subjective in court. US courts have tended in recent years to side with copyright holders, rather than artists and advocates of fair use and free speech, which is a shame. The situation (especially in the US) seems to be getting worse, not better.
PukkaPukka said:
...Telecasts do not always carry this feature, and VHS, while this is generally applied, include the option to copy for personal use based on the Act above.
It's important to remember that the "personal copy" loophole only exists in the US I believe. You can't do that legally in Canada, Britain and most other countries.
I've noticed a lot of copyright questions come up around tape trading...basically all tape trading is an illegal activity. Whether you make money or not is irrelevant, but you're unlikely to have a problem if you're just trading and not selling. I don't personally have a problem with tape trading when it comes to rare stuff Henson refuses or is unable to release (but that doesn't make it any more legal). Henson should have everything out on DVD or video....most tape trading is stuff like the JHH that many Muppet fans have never been able to see!
As for the question about music on "Sam and Friends", that would have been all done legally...TV stations pay blanket royalties each year that allow them to broadcast most copyrighted music. It's a practice that has been around for decades.