I doubt the majority of segments that teach the concept of surprise are just labled "surprise". Maybe I'm wrong, but I'd like to think that the segment talked about her would be labled something like "Cast Surprise Song" or "Surprise (with cast)" or something like that.
The Muppet Wiki talk page has scans from a number of CTW Archives documents, including every page from something called "first season show content", which lists practically every insert from the first season as well as listing all the episodes they appear in (well, all the first season episodes). I've looked at these pages many times, and have seen many intriguing-sounding segments (such as "Ernie makes a friend") that I'd put on my holy grail list. I'd like to see pages from "second season show content" or later to at least see if those kinds of lists included segments from previous seasons that got repeated.
Those "first season show content" documents do list segments that are hard to figure out if you don't instantly know what they are. In fact there's a great deal of segments I saw listed that I was intrigued by, only later realizing that they were in episodes that had guides on the wiki that showed pictures from every segment (that Noggin didn't cut). For example, there's several listed as "Poverty A", "Poverty K", "Poverty X", and so on, I didn't know until later that the titles referred to the animation company "Poverty Pictures". And there were quite a few listed with titles like "Muppet (insert letter or number here) tag". I later realized that "Muppet A Tag" was the segment with monsters looking at the letter A, while "Muppet C Tag" was the sketch where monsters look at a letter C and whisper the letter to each other (it would have been more helpful if they replaced the word "Muppet" with "monsters").
And in some cases segments were just listed as "Muppet tag" or "Film" or whatever under a grouping of segments from educational subjects. For example, the "over, through, around" film from the first episode was listed in a grouping of segments on that subject merely as "film", and a listing of various "near and far" segments listed the original segment with Grover as "Muppet tag".
But aside from occasionally listed certain segments as "muppet tag" or "film" or whatever under a listing of segments from whatever subjects they teach, it pretty much avoided listing multiple segments with the exact same title. In some cases there are multiple segments with the same title and then a number listed (I think they were usually roman numberals, haven't looked at the scans in awhile). Such as three films titled "Noises", listed as "Noises #1" and so on. The various "F Cheer" and "K Cheer" segments were listed like that as well.
And then there's the "People in Your Neighborhood" segments, which were listed with numbers and then, in parenthesis, listed what jobs were focused. For example, the first version was listed as "People in Your Neighborhood I (postman and fireman)".
I wonder if Sesame Workshop has/had guides that contained descriptions as well as titles. Though many of the titles were descriptions, with not much to say beyond the title descriptions. I also wonder what they did with the many songs that have been remade over the years (I guess give them titles like "Imagination #2" and so on). Of course many segments have been listed with many different titles over the years, in those CTW Archives guides, DVD chapter stops, sesamestreet.org listings, and so on. Jim Henson's "Number Three Ball Film" seems to be listed by many titles depending on the source (including "Henson Ball", "No. 3 Ball Powder", and "Henson Ball High Wire #3"). Heck, Jim Henson's Red Book seems to list most of Henson's number films from the second season by the numbers they teach as opposed to more detailed titles.
I often wish there'd be some kind of official guide listing every insert with titles, descriptions, and full listings of episode appearances. It would probably be very expensive, not sure how much interest it would have for casual fans, and very well could involve watching the full episodes (of course I'm sure many of us would jump at the opportunity to watch all the master tapes and keep track of what's in what episode, especially the first two decades, in addition to checking Muppet Wiki for the majority of episodes from the past two decades).
Back on the subject of holy grails (to me), Muppet Wiki mentions that there are 13 Teeny Little Super Guy segments (cited from the creator's website), but only lists 8 segments. I don't think any additional segments have surfaced since I read that there are 13 TLSG segments, but interestingly, while none of the additional five segments are on sesamestreet.org, all but one of the segments listed on Muppet Wiki (the danger segment) is on the site.